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2020 Alumni Refresher Course:
Background Reading

Each of the lectures in the Alumni Refresher Course had one or more recommended readings which participants were asked to review prior to the session. See also the general information on free downloads of the EMB Book and World Ocean Review (bottom of page).

Mon. 16th November
Ratana Chuenpagdee - WHY DO SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES MATTER FOR OCEAN SUSTAINABILITY?

Reading: Ratana Chuenpagdee and Svein Jentoft, "Small-scale Fisheries: Too Important to Fail" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018), pp. 349-353.
Questions: 1. What are small-scale fisheries and who are small-scale fisheries people? 2. Besides being small, what are their key characteristics? 3. What are the “services” that small-scale fisheries provide for society? 4. Small-scale fisheries are largely an informal sector. What does that mean, and is it a good or bad thing? 5. What are the reasons why small-scale fisheries are under-appreciated in the current political situation? 6. Do small-scale fisheries have rights? If so, what kind of rights? 7. The SSF Guidelines are “voluntary”. What does it mean and does it matter?

Reading: Wendy Watson-Wright and J. Luis Valdes, "Fragmented Governance of Our One Global Ocean" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 16-22.
Questions: 1. What is the solution to the ‘fragmented ocean governance’? Is there one? Should there be one big organization for the global ocean that covers everything? 2. How do we effectively bring together the economic, environmental, and social pillars of sustainability in our pursuit of a blue economy? 3. Is there a country you think is better than the others with respect to ocean governance? Which one and why? 4. How are ocean and coastal issues addressed within your country’s government? Can you think of how actions to determine and address these issues might be better coordinated? 5. If you were Secretary General of the UN, what changes if any would you make to bring more attention and action to ocean issues and what if anything would you do to better coordinate global ocean actions by UN member states?

Readings:
1. From The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018): (i) Karen N. Scott, Legal Aspects of Climate Change" (pp. 169-174); (ii) Peter J. Ricketts, "Ocean and Climate Change Action: Opportunities for Economic and Environmental Sustainability" (pp. 316-321); (iii) John A. Cigliano, "The Role of Citizen Science in Ocean Governance" (pp. 252-257)
2. Lane, D., Beigzadeh, S., and Moll, R. 2017. Adaptation Decision Support: An Application of System Dynamics Modeling in Coastal Communities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science. 8: 374–389.
3. Lane, D. 2020. Responding to the Call for Climate Action. Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science. Volume 50 Part 2, pp.237-247. https://ojs.library.dal.ca/nsis/article/view/nsis50-2lane/8830
Questions: 1. What are the effects of the covid-19 global pandemic on ocean climate change actions and policies? 2. How does your nation/region identify with coastal and ocean climate change global policies and actions, e.g., SDG14, the Paris Accord, carbon emission metrics? 3. How have your actions changed in response to your personal adaptation to the changing climate? 4. What are the most important impacts of climate events in your region, e.g., from hurricanes and typhoons, fires, storm surge including impacts to the environment, the economy, society, and culture? 5. What is the most effective why of engaging the local citizenry in active and regular climate action, specifically in carbon emission reduction?

Readings:
1. Sean Brillant, "Is Canada Protecting Its Marine Species at Risk?" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018), pp. 293-297.
2. Kimberley Davies and Sean Brillant, 2019. Mass human-caused mortality spurs federal action to protect endangered North Atlantic right whales in Canada" Marine Policy, Vol. 104, pp. 157-162.
Questions: 1. Why does it matter that fisheries be responsible for reducing the unintended harm their operations cause? 2. Explain your prediction of what will occur if we do not act to reduce accidental mortalities caused by fisheries. 3. What potential costs of fisheries entanglements are being externalized? 4. How can commercial fisheries change, and what is their new form?

Reading: Awni Behnam, panel presentation, "The Blue Economy and COVID-19 Pandemic: New Challenges, Recovery Measures and Resilience" - World Oceans Day Online Conference, 4th June 2020.

Readings:
1. C. Owen, K. Bosomworth, C. Bearman, B. Brooks, L. Fogarty and G. Conway, "Politics, Policies and Paradigms: Challenges of Change in Future Emergency Management", Conference Proceedings, AFAC13, Bushfire CRC.
2. Murielle Provost, "Women, Communities, Resilience; What's Not to Understand?" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 436-441.
3. Melanie Fournier and David Griffiths, "Simulation and Scenario-Based Learning" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 94-99.

Readings:
1. "Maritime security and safety", Section V, Oceans and the law of the sea, Report of the Secretary General, United Nations, Sixty-third session, 10th March 2008, pp. 14-44.
2. African Union, Charter on Maritime Security and Safety and Development in Africa (LOMÉ CHARTER), Adopted by the Extraordinary Session of the Assembly, Lomé, Togo - 15th October 2016.
3. David Griffiths, “Security Dimensions of Ocean Governance” in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 410-415.
Questions: 1. Is it 'maritime security,' or 'maritime insecurity'? 2. Is climate change a threat to maritime security? What about sea-level rise? And, what about illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing? 3. What is the relationship between maritime security and sustainable development? 4. Has COVID-19 affected global maritime security? 5. What are key features of an effective maritime security strategy? 6. What are current challenges in maritime security? 7. What is 'the elephant in the room' in maritime security?

Readings:
1. Peter G. Wells, “Health of the Ocean” in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 192-198.
2. Michael H. Depledge, Oceans, Health, and Well-Being" in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), edited by IOI-Canada (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2018) pp. 199-204.
Questions: 1. What do the terms 'health', 'ocean health', and 'ecosystem health' mean to you, in the context of your experience? 2. What is the difference between contamination and pollution, as defined internationally in UNCLOS? 3. What are the sources of marine pollution in your country? 4. How important is monitoring (of all kinds) to understanding the short and long terms effects of marine pollution? 5. Are there other kinds of stressors, besides chemical pollution, impinging on coastal waters and how would they rank in importance? 6. Are there signs of resilience or recovery from any of the stressors on coastal waters of your country? 7. For your coastal and offshore waters, is ocean health staying the same, getting worse, or improving with time? 8. Have you heard of and used the Ocean Health Index (OHI) approach to describing ocean health in your country? 9. Are assessment reports on state of the oceans useful to policy and decision makers in governmental efforts to protect ocean health?

Readings:
1. Clement Yow Mulalap, Tekau Frere, Elise Huffer, Edvard Hviding, Kenneth Paul, Anita Smith, Marjo K. Vierros, “Traditional knowledge and the BBNJ instrument”, Marine Policy, Vol. 122, Dec. 2020.
2. Fran Humphries, Hiroko Muraki Gottlieb, Sarah Laird, Rachel Wynberg, Charles Lawson, Michelle Rourke, Morten Walløe Tvedt, Maria Julia Oliva, Marcel Jasparsi, “A tiered approach to the marine genetic resource governance framework under the proposed UNCLOS agreement for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)”, Marine Policy, Vol. 122, Dec. 2020.
3. Marjo K. Vierros, Harriet Harden-Davies, “Capacity building and technology transfer for improving governance of marine areas both beyond and within national jurisdiction”, Marine Policy, Vol. 122, Dec. 2020.
4. Meinhard Doelle and Gunnar Sander, “Next Generation Environmental Assessment in the Emerging High Seas Regime? An Evaluation of the State of the Negotiations”, The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Special Issue: Arctic Environmental and Climate Change Governance, Vol. 35, Issue 3, 2020.
5. Nilufer Oral, “The Institutional Schizophrenia of Ocean Governance through the Lens of the Conservation of Biological Diversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction” in Regime Interaction in Ocean Governance, edited by Seline Trevisanut, Nikolaos Giannopoulos and Rozemarijn Roland Holst, Brill, 2020.
6. Gjerde, Kristina; Reeve, Lora; Harden-Davies, Harriet; Ardron, Jeff; Dolan, Ryan; Durussel, Carole; Earle, Sylvia; Jimenez, Jorge A.; Kalas, Peggy; Laffoley, Dan; Oral, Nilufer; Page, Richard; Ribeiro, Marta Chantal; Rochette, Julien; Spadone, Aurelie; Thiele, Torsten; Thomas, Hannah L.; Wagner, Daniel; Warner, Robin M.; Wilhelm, Aulani; and Wright, Glen, "Protecting Earth's last conservation frontier: scientific, management and legal priorities for MPAs beyond national boundaries" (2016). Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers. 2510.

Other key issues in ocean governance can be found in The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development - Essays in Honour of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002).  Commemorating the 100th anniversary of EMB's birth, this volume edited by IOI-Canada features contributions from over 80 specialists and practitioners in the field of ocean governance and is based on themes and issues covered in our annual training programme.  To download essays via open access, go to Brill web page for the book and scroll down to explore the 10 different sections. 

• 2019 - World Ocean Review 6: The Arctic and Antarctic – Extreme, Climatically Crucial and In Crisis
  
• 2017 - World Ocean Review 5: Coasts - A Vital Habitat Under Pressure
  
• 2015 - World Ocean Review 4: Sustainable Use of our Oceans - Making Ideas Work
• 2014 - World Ocean Review 3: Marine Resources - Opportunities and Risks
  
• 2013 - World Ocean Review 2: The Future of Fish - The Fisheries of the Future
  
• 2010 - World Ocean Review 1: Living with the Oceans. A report on the state of the world's oceans
  
  

Last updated: 19th December 2020